臨床現場で直ぐに使える英語：産婦人科・助産師・女性総合編 – Pregnancy Dietary Myths「妊娠中の食事に関する迷信、嘘ホント」#3

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Pregnancy Dietary Myths 「妊娠中の食事に関する迷信、嘘ホント」

マウント・サイナイ医科大学（ニューヨーク）産婦人科 Valerie D. Lewis-Morris, MD 准教授

「問題提起」
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• old wives tales　おばあちゃんの知恵袋（くだらない？迷信？）はあなたの文化でもありますか？
• 専門家（プロ）と一般人の話方の違いは？

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1. 妊娠する前に健康的な食事を心がけていませんでした。健康な赤ちゃんを産むために、今から健康的な食事を心がけても手遅れなの？
2. 妊娠中にコーヒーを飲んでも大丈夫？
3. 冠婚葬祭や年間行事など、年に数回の特別な機会に、アルコールを飲んでも大丈夫？
4. 妊娠中にナッツを食べると、赤ちゃんがナッツアレルギーになってしまうの？
5. 妊婦はチーズを避けたほうがいいの？
6. 妊娠中に魚を食べていいの？
7. 妊娠中はお腹の子供の分も含めて二人分食べるべき？
8. 妊娠中の運動は止めておいたほうがいい？

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Full Story

There is an abundance of misinformation in old wives tales out there 
abundance（名）大量、おびただしさ
misinformation（名）
old wives tales（名）くだらない迷信
out there　（副）世の中には

that expecting moms encounter 
expecting mother 妊娠中の母親

when they’re trying to find out about their dietary needs during pregnancy
When節　～するとき
encounter　（動）出あう、出くわす 
find out about （動）～に関する事実を知る
dietary needs　（名）食物ニーズ

and I am here to answer just a few of those questions
I am here to不定詞　～するために私はここにいます。
just a few　ごくわずかの

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If I didn’t eat a healthy diet before becoming pregnant, is it too late to start while I’m pregnant to deliver a healthy baby?
too 〇〇 to XX　「too..to構文」　XXするには〇〇過ぎる
deliver（動）出産する
while節(s+v..)　～する間 ⇔　「during＋名詞」

well the answer is no 
it’s not too late
not too 〇〇　～過ぎることはない
too 〇〇 to XX　「too..to構文」　XXするには〇〇過ぎる

it’s really important to begin eating healthy once you find out that you are pregnant
it is 〇〇 to XX 「it…to構文」XXするのは〇〇だ
once = after
find out that節　～であることを知る

and it’s never too late to begin
to change your dietary habits to the better for health of you and for your baby
habits（名）習慣
change to the better（動）より良いものに変える

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Can I drink coffee while I am pregnant?
while節(s+v..)　～する間 ⇔　「during＋名詞」

the answer is yes 

but pregnant women should not consume more than 200 milligrams of caffeine each day
consume（動）摂取する
each day（副）一日あたり

because caffeine can increase your blood pressure and it can cause unusual heart rhythms
blood pressure（名）血圧
cause （動）引き起こす
unusual（普通でない） heart rhythms（名）不整脈

so energy drinks and energy boosters as well as too much coffee should be avoided
boosters （名）加速させるもの
as well as=and
too much coffee 過剰のコーヒー
avoid　（動）避ける
should be avoided　（受）避けるべき

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Can I drink alcohol on special occasions while I am pregnant?
while節(s+v..)　～する間 ⇔　「during＋名詞」

well i get this a lot from my patients
it’s a very common question
（動）＋a lot　沢山～する
common question 良くある質問

not drinking alcohol during the pregnancy is the safest choice 
動名詞「～ing」～すること　⇔　否定の動名詞 「not ～ing」～しないこと
the safest choice 形容詞の最上級　もっとも安全な選択肢

however a glass of wine which means a six to eight ounce glass or a beer or a toast of champagne a couple of times during the pregnancy should be um should not harm your baby 
especially if you’re not in the first trimester
howevera
a glass of wine ワイン一杯
six to eight ounce　６～８オウンス(oz 29.57cc)
a beer　ビール１缶
a toast of champagne　シャンペン一杯
a couple of times　2～３回
should not harm your baby 害を及ぼすことはない
especially　特に
the first trimester　最初の3か月間(trimester→semester→quarter)

if you’re in the first trimester then the answer is no
no alcohol is best and you should avoid hard liquor
no 〇〇　ゼロ〇〇～
avoid hard liquor　〔ウイスキーなどの〕強い酒は避ける

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Can eating nuts during pregnancy prevent my baby from developing a peanut allergy?
while節(s+v..)　～する間 ⇔　「during＋名詞」
prevent A from Bing（動名詞）　AがBするのを防ぐ
a peanut allergy　ピーナッツアレルギー

well actually no
actually　実は・・

this is not true it’s an old wives tale with absolutely no truth to it
absolutely 完全に、全く
no truth to it　no 〇〇　ゼロ〇〇～

nuts are a healthy snack and are an excellent source of protein
source of protein プロテイン源

but consuming them while you’re pregnant will not have an impact on whether your baby will have allergies in the future or whether they won’t
while節(s+v..)　～する間 ⇔　「during＋名詞」
consume （動）摂取する
have an impact on～　～に影響を与える
whether～　～かどうか
in the future　将来

so you can consume nuts but it’s not going to impact your baby’s allergies 

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Pregnant women should avoid cheese – is this true?

so the goal here is not to avoid cheese and dairy entirely but you want to make sure that the cheese and the dairy that you are consuming is not raw cheese because you will then be increasing the risk of bacteria 
to不定詞は「to+動詞の原形」～すること
否定のto不定詞は「not to+動詞の原形」～しないこと
not A but B　AでなくBだ
entirely　完全に、100％
you want to make sure that節　～を確認したいだろう→「したほうがいい」というニュアンス
raw cheese　生チーズ⇔pasteurized cheese  低温殺菌チーズ

so all of your dairy should have been pasteurized so you want
to avoid such cheeses such as raw goat cheese or um cheese that has been mold ripened such as gorgonzola or roccofort
such cheeses　そのようなチーズ　注意　such asとは違う
such as raw goat cheese　例えば、生ヤギチーズ
mold かび
ripened　熟成チーズ
gorgonzola
roccofort

because these then give you that increased risk of bacteria which may harm your baby

you want to consider hard cheeses such as cheddar cheese or swiss and you always want to make sure that you read your food labels to make sure that all of your dairy has been pasteurized
hard cheeses　長期間成熟して風味を増した硬いチーズ
food labels　食品ラベル
to make sure　to不定詞　確認するために

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i’d also like to add that you also want to make sure that all of your eggs should be completely cooked before you eat them
I would like to = I’d like to = I want toの丁寧ないいかた
completely cooked　完全に火が通った

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Is it safe to eat fish during pregnancy?
it is 〇〇 to XX 「it…to構文」XXするのは〇〇だ

well the answer is yes
as long as it is not raw or it is not high in mercury 
fish is an excellent food and which is low in fat 
and it contains high quality proteins and omega-3 fatty acids which is very important for your baby’s brain
as long as～　～な限り
high in mercury　水銀量が高い
low in fat 高脂肪
contain（動）含む
omega-3 fatty acids　オメガ３脂肪酸

the problem is 
問題は・・・・

fish that’s high in mercury and most of those are the predator fish such as shark,swordfish, tilefish, king mackerel things like that
predator fish　捕食魚
shark　サメ
swordfish　メカジキ
tilefish　アマダイ
king mackerel　キングマッケレル◆サバ科サワラ属
things like that　そのようなもの

they can interfere with the baby’s brain and spinal cord development
interfere with（動）介入する
spinal cord development　脊髄発達

however fish that’s low in mercury are safe to consume 
two to three times a week and those are fish like salmon, tilapia, flounder so you can enjoy those as much as you want a couple of times a week
two to three times a week=a couple of times a week
tilapia テラピア、イズミダイ◆アフリカ原産の淡水魚
flounder 平らな魚、ヒラメ、カレイ

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Should I be eating for two during pregnancy? Do I need to consume more calories?

that eating for two myth is a very common myth that i hear a lot and the reality is you should not be consuming double the portions of every meal and snack that you have each day
eating for two 二人分食べる＝consuming double
hear a lot 良く聞く
the reality is　現実は・・・
the portion　一人前
meal　食事

because you actually only need about an additional 350 calories daily during the pregnancy and that can be easily achieved
with by just adding two or three small healthy snacks like a banana with a couple of tablespoons of peanut butter or either three to five wheat crackers with about an ounce and a half of
um cheddar cheese cubes
actually　実は・・
additional　addの（形）追加の・・
can be easily achieved　簡単に達成できる
by just adding　by+動名詞「～することで」
tablespoon 大匙　⇔小匙
an ounce and a half of　1.5オウンス
wheat 小麦
cheese cubes

so you you don’t really have to eat a whole lot of extra food while you’re pregnant
have to・・　しなければならない
a (whole) lot of　沢山の、多くの

so don’t feel like that you gotta splurge during that time
feel like ～のような気持ちになる
gotta （口）= got to =have to しなければならない
splurge　贅沢をする

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Is it safe to exercise during pregnancy?

well if you’re healthy and you have a low risk pregnancy 
then the risk of moderate intensity exercise is safe and actually consistent exercise during pregnancy can minimize constipation and it can decrease the risk of gestational diabetes and depressed depression
a low risk pregnancy
moderate intensity exercise　中程度の強さの
consistent exercise　継続的な
minimize　最小限にする
constipation　便秘
gestational diabetes　 妊娠（性）糖尿病
depressed （形）depression　（名）うつ

so if you incorporate some aerobic exercise such as brisk walking two to three times a week for about 30 minutes each time or do some flexibility or strength workouts like yoga
incorporate（動）取り入れる
brisk walking　早歩き
about 30 minutes　およそ30分
each time　毎回
flexibility or strength workouts like yoga　柔軟・強度　運動

that’s really pretty much all you need
you don’t really need to try to train
that’s really pretty much　まあそんなところ
train　訓練する

just to note that if you have a high risk pregnancy 
then you should probably discuss adding exercise or continuing the exercise that you’re doing with your provider
to make sure that it’s safe for you and your baby
note that節　～であることを知っておいて
a high risk pregnancy 
probably　たぶん
discuss A with B　AをBと話し合う
provider　（運動）提供者

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Final Thoughts　最後の考察
think-thought-thought（動）⇔　thought（名）考え、見解

during pregnancy eating a healthy diet and getting some exercise is essential for the health of your baby and for yourself
diet　ダイエットという意味もあるが、ここでは「食事」
A is essential for B　ＡはＢにとって必須

and look the goal here is to enjoy your pregnancy and to have fun with your food
Look　見て！、聞いて！　関心を集めたいときの書け声
the goal here is　ここでのゴールは・・
have fun with　～を楽しむ

i would like for you to ignore the old wives tales and the misinformation that’s out there and when you’re in doubt
I would like to = I’d like to = I want toの丁寧ないいかた「～したい」
I would like for 人 to= I’d like for 人 to =I want for 人 toの丁寧ないいかた「人に～して欲しい」
ignore　（動）無視する
in doubt　疑いを持っている

reach out to your obstetrician or either  midwife to get the most accurate and up-to-date information about your pregnancy and your nutritional needs
reach out　手を伸ばす（助けを求める）
accurate　（形）正確な
up-to-date　（形）最新の
nutritional needs　栄養ニーズ

I hope this has been informative for you
I hope・・・ ～だといいのですが
informative　（形）有用な

thank you for your time
ご傾聴ありがとう

take care
お大事に